Good performance appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Great execution examination - Essay Example Thus, a few bosses utilize unadulterated target measures for laborers with passage level or dreary employments. Execution, along these lines, is an element of executing (or not executing) some particular undertaking (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 14). Be that as it may, a few occupations, for example, those of lawyers and information investigators can't be estimated without any problem. In this way, bosses will recognize estimation classifications †for instance, cooperation, client support or polished methodology. Survivors offer a numeric score, which speaks to the employer’s saw component of order, however the inquiry whether a rating is right involves understanding. Target measures are compelling in circumstances where every laborer can be evaluated legitimately and their exhibition contrasted and that of another specialist. In any case, target estimates are ineffectual where managers distil refined procedures into basic scores, which may not be important truly (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 80). Abstract measures are compelling at permitting administrators to practice judgment over a worker’s execution in refined frameworks. Nonetheless, if the specialist/business relationship is stressed, laborers may see negative appraisals as either uncalled for or reformatory (Stiles et al., 1997, p. 59). A few bosses utilize a half and half arrangement of assessment †a few measures are emotional, and some are objective (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 74). Since there is no absolutely right method of execution evaluation, chiefs ought to create frameworks of appraisal that coordinate the norms of the ventures where they work and commonplace worker works (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 77). For example, an organization taking part in the offer of mobile phones may gauge the whole of dollars sold by the agent and give them a score dependent on whether they accomplished certain objectives. Then again, a promoting organization may acquire input from the customers

Innovative Designs with Traditional Marketing

1. Distinguish three statements from the discourse that show how Bryce advanced in morally recognizing his feelings. The main statement from the exchange shows how Bryce advanced in morally distinguishing his feelings is â€Å"After a time of applying, talking with, paying some dues, I at last acknowledged nothing I did made a difference. I just couldn’t take another dismissal. The primary concern is, nobody needs me.† The second statement that shows how Bryce advanced in morally recognizing his feelings is â€Å"I don’t know. I figure they may leave me. We’ve go through our investment funds. We’re behind on the home loan. I’m going to lose everything. I feel awful, yet I can’t take care of it.† The third statement that shows how Bryce advanced in morally distinguishing his feelings is â€Å"Really? What did you do? That is to say, I realize you moved away.† See more: how to begin an account article 2. Distinguish and clarify, utilizing ideas from the content, at any rate one case of an impediment to conveying feelings in the situation. One case of a snag to imparting feelings in the circumstance is self-assurance. Bryce expressed that he hasn’t need to converse with anybody in some time which can be a sign that he might not have any desire to communicate his emotions, in dread of others having data that could influence how they see or act towards him. (Wood, 178) 3. Distinguish and clarify in any event two instances of silly convictions that Bryce holds. Two instances of nonsensical convictions that Bryce holds from the discourse would be the point at which he states â€Å"The main concern is, nobody needs me.† And â€Å"I feel awful, however I can’t take care of it.† I feel that these convictions are unreasonable on the grounds that they are false, however Bryce accepts they are. He feels that nobody needs him, however the case might be that anoth er person may have been a superior fit for the situation rather than him. This doesn't imply that he was not similarly as qualified as the following candidate. Bryce expressed that he quit searching for occupations around a half year back, yet on the off chance that he would have stayed committed, he may have run into a vocation by at that point. He expressed that he can’t take care of this yet honestly, he could have still kept on looking for occupations as opposed to kicking back and sitting idle. 4. Clarify, utilizing ideas from the content, how Bryce could utilize surface acting and profound acting to all the more likely adjust his feelings and conduct to the necessities of his pursuit of employment. Despite the fact that Bryce feels that discovering business is miserable, his non-verbal communication and facialâ expressions will show that. Bryce needs to figure out how to viably control his outward appearance since it will profit his pursuit of employment. An uplifting disposition consistently helps increase wanted outcomes. Demonstrating an outward appearance of drive and assurance to pick up business will be more useful than his vanquished mentality. Bryce could likewise adjust his feelings and conduct to the requirements of his pursuit of employment by controlling his sentiments of sadness and thrashing. He ought to discover that by having these sentiments, he is now reducing his odds to deliver the ideal outcomes that he is searching for. 5. In light of the textbook’s rules for conveying feelings successfully (p.182†187), recognize and clarify at any rate three moral methodologies Bryce could use to improve his relational correspondence in this circumstance. One methodology that Bryce could use to improve his relational correspondence in this circumstance is distinguishing his feelings. The content expresses that â€Å"recognizing the presence of the two sentiments permits you to check out yourself and to impart precisely to others what you are experiencing.† (Wood, 182) Bryce needs to isolate his sentiments of sadness and the way that he feels that nobody needs him. Another methodology that he can utilize is picking whether or how to communicate feelings. Bryce is by all accounts flighty with regards to his emotions toward getting a new line of work. When he can really figure out where his disappointment lies and not let it devour and debilitate him, he would then be able to choose to or not to convey his feelings so as to keep them hidden. Ultimately, he can likewise utilize the technique of checking self-talk. This would be useful to Bryce in light of the fact that he can convince himself to have an increasingly inspirational viewpoint in regards to his pursuit of employment, He won’t feel so low whenever he is turned down for an opening for work since he will have trained himself to continue looking and proceed with his drive. Wood, J. (2012). Relational correspondence: Everyday experiences. Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Writing An Essay

Writing An EssayEssay topics come in many forms and are very different from one person to the next. The majority of people are not interested in writing essays; they just want to get an A on their homework and they are unable to write well, so they write essays and hope for the best.However, you should know that if you are truly wanting to write an essay, then you should have some specific goals for it. I know you want an A, but don't worry, it can be done. It is hard work and you will likely need to do a lot of research before getting started. But you must plan your essay carefully and write about the subjects that you are interested in.If you are serious about writing an essay, you must decide what type of essay topic you want to write. A general essay is one that would allow you to write about any topic. In most cases, you will be allowed to write about anything you like. There are some subjects that you cannot write about, and you must find a way to escape the topic if you want t o write this type of essay. You can get into trouble with school, or your professor, if you go too far outside of the course content.You must take into consideration all of the details that come along with writing a general topic. If you want to write about a certain product, then you will be allowed to write about that subject. You may not want to write about a topic that you are not interested in, so make sure that you thoroughly research the topic and make your essay completely factual and true.After deciding on a general topic, it is time to move on to the facts. Many people want to just get an A on their essay because they do not care how the information is presented. Although you may not be able to put facts and figures into an essay, you can still write a short synopsis of the information. This should be no more than two or three pages. The basic idea is to provide the students with what they need to know in order to understand your topic.The second step is to give your stude nts a summary of the main point of your essay. This should include the title of the essay, the main premise, the main theme, and finally, a conclusion. You should have a theme for your essay and then outline your topics so that your students can see the theme at a glance.There are many great resources available to help you get started in writing your essay. All you need to do is start learning how to research. You can also use your school library for assistance.Do not worry if you do not have the ability to write an essay. All you need to do is follow these steps and you can easily write a great essay for your students.

The Collective Bargaining Process Of The Uaw - 1718 Words

This report represents the analysis of the collective bargaining process of the UAW (known as the CAW today) and GM (General Motors), presented in the film â€Å"The Final Offer†, 1985. Canada and the United States were part of the negotiations with General motors to reconcile a bargaining settlement in 1984. There was a compromise among labor and management that resulted to strike throughout months of the negotiation process. Craig as well as Hebdon and Brown have framed 3 hypotheses that will concentrate on the economic situation, the consequences of strike, in addition to, the community interests during bargaining and negotiations. The factors mentioned have been founded by categorizing the actors, diverse environments, outputs and the conversion mechanisms. Prior to analyzing the 3 hypotheses we should define the main actors that were a part of the negotiations. Management part included Rod Andrew (Canadian GM negotiator) and Roger B Smith (United States GM negotiator). Labor part included Owen Bieber (UAW agent), Buzz Hargrove and Bob Nickerson (UAWC deputies), as well as, Robert White (UAWC director). Also, the votes that powerfully counted were the Canadian plant legislators, therefore, based on that we count them as actors. During 4 nerve-wrecking months, there were comprehensive negotiations and discussions among the management and labor to achieve a sensible understanding agreement between the parties. The strike made an impact on the agreement, which made a greatShow MoreRelatedUnions and The Collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesUnions and The collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Being a part of a group or an association that you pay into as a worker should have benefits that can help you continue to improve their lives. The benefit of having someone speak up for you could be better pay, better health benefits, and being better treated in the work place. Collective bargaining, while not being a guarantee, can help gain these benefits. It is the process of negotiations between representatives of workers and managementRead MoreEssay on The Labor Unions2676 Words   |  11 Pagesthat September. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By contrast, Ford Motor Company has had very little trouble recently with the union that represents the majority of their employees. The UAW has not gone on strike at Ford since 1976. The last time that Ford-UAW relationship even made the news was in 1999, when the UAW was negotiating their new contract. Comparatively speaking, the two companies could not be further apart when it comes to working with their respective unions. History Although some peopleRead MoreThe National Labor Relations Board Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The recent decision made by the National Labor Relations Board granted collective bargaining rights to graduate student workers and researchers. The focus on the decision was primarily based on the wording or a statutory employee as defined in Section (2)3 of the National Labor Relations Act and ultimately the reversal of the 2004 Brown University decision against the groups legitimate reasoning and desire to unionize. University administrators were against student worker unionization andRead MoreAn Description Of An Organization At Acme Auto Parts And The Zinnia Scenarios1533 Words   |  7 Pageswere in their situation. If I were the manager at ACME, and I just overheard my employees talking about the UAW (United Auto Workers), who have been in town trying to attempting to contact them about joining their union. I would set a town hall meeting to be transparent and address the situation head on regarding the UAW organizers, explaining that various companies represented by the UAW are facing demands for concessions during contract negotiations, which is why they are trying to unionize otherRead MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution (Adr) Strategies Research Worksheet Resolving Employment Conflict2884 Words   |  12 Pagesthe resolution process or imposes a resolution (Alternative Dispute Resolution, para.7). In 2007 General Motors (GM), pressed union leaders in a meeting in Detroit for a deal on financing what was the centerpiece of the 2007 U.A.W. contract — a perpetual, G.M.-financed trust to cover health care costs of hundreds of thousands of retired hourly workers and their surviving spous es (Freeman Ahrens, 2007). The negotiations were between General Motors and the United Autoworkers Union (UAW). Like CoastalRead MoreThe Machine That Changed The World, And Milkman s `` The New Linden ``1294 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe the auto manufacturing process made popular by the Japanese carmaker Toyota. Though the process was lauded for the increases in efficiency and the quality vehicles it produced, it was also noted for its ability to foster a workspace that prioritized the ability of workers to share knowledge in a collaborative manner. This was achieved via the creation of â€Å"quality circles,† where individual workers could contribute suggestions to improve the production process, and increasing job security (andRead MoreDoes the Labor Law Encourage or Discourage Unionization Essay1951 Words   |  8 Pagesthat ‘employees shall have the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through represen tatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection’ â€Å" (Kohler, 2004). In addition, the labor laws tend to favor employee and union relationships. Labor laws do provide protection for union employees against wage inequality by defining standard minimumRead MoreHrm Labor Relations Paper2219 Words   |  9 PagesThere are even petitions being signed. As an HR manager, these matters need to be handled appropriately and carefully. Acme Auto Parts is a small nonunion auto parts manufacturer. Recently, employees have been mentioning the United Auto Workers (UAW). The UAW is the union that represents the other auto companies. They are trying to organize the nonunion parts factories and they have been trying to contact Acme workers. The problem is that the workers might be convinced to join the union. As an HR managerRead MoreLabor Unions and Management Essay examples3384 Words   |  14 PagesA labor union is an organization of employed workers that formed to undertake collective bargaining with employers and to try to achieve improved working conditions for its members. Labor Unions go back all the way to the development of America. Starting when the pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock in 1620, several of the pilgrims were craftsmen. These were considered primitive unions, or guilds of not just carpenters but also cabinet makers, cordwainers and cobblers made their appearance as wellRead MoreThe United States And The World War II1553 Words   |  7 Pagesproduced the ships, tanks, airplanes, weapons and ammunition more quickly, to higher standards and in greater quantities, than the enemy did. In center stage was the U.S. automobile industry, whose participants had mastered the industrial production process to churn out 50 million units in 35 years since the turn of the 19th century. These industrial builders helped the American industry go from negligible arms output to building an arsenal of weaponry then unmatched in human history. Their out-production

Workplace Discrimination Discrimination And Discrimination

Workplace Discrimination Employment discrimination manifests in a variety of forms. The most common scenario is when the employer unfairly treats job applicants and employees because of their gender, race, age, disability, nationality or familial status. Often, employment discrimination that emanates from familial status occurs because of events such as pregnancy. The employers usually take adverse and cruel actions against these employees or rather potential employees. Contextually, adverse action entails actions such as dismissing an employee, detrimental alteration of an employee’s position, refusal to employ some potential employees or injuring an employee. However, some differential treatments are lawful discriminations. For instance, conventional performance treatment is not termed unlawful discrimination. Therefore, an act becomes adverse action if it emanates from the attributes such as race, age, gender or disability. However, other forms of discrimination are legal. Employers may decide to employ potential human resource personnel depending on their intellectual abilities. The employers and managers require properly functioning, and profitable businesses hence would select the best performers based on intelligence. In such a case, the employers will discriminate against intellect. Ethically, company’s employment decisions should be based on a particular employee’s level of performance. Businesses should not discriminate employees according to their skin color,Show MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagesothers with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age, religionRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace1633 Words   |  7 Pagestaken to assure that employees and applicants enjoy equal employment opportunity. Discrimination or harassment by any supervisory or non-supervisory employee based upon the protected conditions or characteristics listed above or any other legally-protected condition or characteristic is a violation of the Code of Conduct. An employee or applicant, who believes that he or she has been the subject of such discrimination or harassment, should promptly report the alleged incident to the Owner or CFO. ARead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example ofRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1211 Words   |  5 Pages While the world has unanimously advanced and is more accepting of change, the workplace continues to be a place of discrimination, prejudice and inequality. Discrimination is broadly defined to ‘distinguish unfavourably’, isolate; and is context based (Pagura, 2012). Abrahams (1991) described the workplace as an ‘inhospitable place’ where gender disparity and wage gaps persist (Stamarski Son Hing, 2015). Among other states and countries, the Australian government actively implements and passesRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace1265 Words   |  6 Pages Why does discrimination occur at workplace? There are multiple explanation for the issue. It can be ranged from generational differences, lack of diversity training, absence of good behavior modeling, and many other reasons. In every workplace, it is consists of different cultural, religious, and social backgrounds. There are different perspectives and conversations that take place at the workplace. An individual’s aspect on race, culture, sexual orientations, gender, and political views is disparateRead MoreDiscrimination at Workplace873 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination at workplace In the USA there has been the problem of discrimination at places of work against people with disability, based on race, sex, religion in almost all quarters and this has prompted quite a number of legislations and acts to be passed in a bid to guarantee the people the access and right to use and utilize all the public amenities as well as get the right and equal treatment as an American. Vivian Pearson (2012) notes that the federal law prohibits the employer fromRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1423 Words   |  6 Pagesa challenge to the government and employers to find solutions in diversity and discrimination issues. Discrimination may be appeared to be prevalent, this may cause unemployment. Anti-discrimination policies have been employed to combat discrimination in the workplace, however nothing has been done to analyse the policy. This paper will examine whether the anti-discrimination legislation is effective in the workplace to provide a fair working environment. In Australia, it is considered unlawfulRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace2033 Words   |  8 Pages Despite popular belief, discrimination occurs every day worldwide. It occurs for different reasons, but is detrimental to any company or individual. The judgments that occur based on physical appearance, height, weight, gender, and race are affecting the potential professional careers of many. Many companies are limiting their full potential due to the fact that they are discriminating interviewees and employees based upon physical traits. It lessens the chances of developing a strong staffRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace1276 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 112 51-A September 27, 2010 Discrimination in the Workplace In today’s society, people claim to be so open minded and tolerant in regards to other people’s beliefs, lifestyles, and appearance. However, in reality people with tattoos are often discriminated against for the way they look. Visible tattoos have a negative effect on finding employment, as well as commission based occupations, and also jobs in the childcare field. PhysicalRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesmake towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This article only Workplace Discrimination Discrimination And Discrimination In a perfect world, people would be equal in rights, opportunities, and responsibilities, despite their race or gender. In the world we live in, however, we always face all kinds of neglect based on different attributes. All over the United States, certain people treat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, age, religion, marital status, national origin, disability or veteran status, or other characteristics. Discrimination is one of the largest issues people face in the workplace and it must be dealt with. The U.S. have laws a nd regulations on discrimination but it still often occurs. Workplace discrimination appears in hiring, training, promotion, firing, and other institutional or interpersonal treatment. Discrimination sometimes causes an employee to leave or quit the workplace, resign from a position, or in more severe cases, to commit suicide or act violently against the discriminators. Discrimination is one of the largest issues many people face in the workplace. There are multiple types of discrimination.Show MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1205 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Discrimination Employment discrimination manifests in a variety of forms. The most common scenario is when the employer unfairly treats job applicants and employees because of their gender, race, age, disability, nationality or familial status. Often, employment discrimination that emanates from familial status occurs because of events such as pregnancy. The employers usually take adverse and cruel actions against these employees or rather potential employees. Contextually, adverse actionRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace1633 Words   |  7 Pagestaken to assure that employees and applicants enjoy equal employment opportunity. Discrimination or harassment by any supervisory or non-supervisory employee based upon the protected conditions or characteristics listed above or any other legally-protected condition or characteristic is a violation of the Code of Conduct. An employee or applicant, who believes that he or she has been the subject of such discrimination or harassment, should promptly report the alleged incident to the Owner or CFO. ARead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example ofRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1211 Words   |  5 Pages While the world has unanimously advanced and is more accepting of change, the workplace continues to be a place of discrimination, prejudice and inequality. Discrimination is broadly defined to ‘distinguish unfavourably’, isolate; and is context based (Pagura, 2012). Abrahams (1991) described the workplace as an ‘inhospitable place’ where gender disparity and wage gaps persist (Stamarski Son Hing, 2015). Among other states and countries, the Australian government actively implements and passesRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace1265 Words   |  6 Pages Why does discrimination occur at workplace? There are multiple explanation for the issue. It can be ranged from generational differences, lack of diversity training, absence of good behavior modeling, and many other reasons. In every workplace, it is consists of different cultural, religious, and social backgrounds. There are different perspectives and conversations that take place at the workplace. An individual’s aspect on race, culture, sexual orientations, gender, and political views is disparateRead MoreDiscrimination at Workplace873 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination at workplace In the USA there has been the problem of discrimination at places of work against people with disability, based on race, sex, religion in almost all quarters and this has prompted quite a number of legislations and acts to be passed in a bid to guarantee the people the access and right to use and utilize all the public amenities as well as get the right and equal treatment as an American. Vivian Pearson (2012) notes that the federal law prohibits the employer fromRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace1423 Words   |  6 Pagesa challenge to the government and employers to find solutions in diversity and discrimination issues. Discrimination may be appeared to be prevalent, this may cause unemployment. Anti-discrimination policies have been employed to combat discrimination in the workplace, however nothing has been done to analyse the policy. This paper will examine whether the anti-discrimination legislation is effective in the workplace to provide a fair working environment. In Australia, it is considered unlawfulRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace2033 Words   |  8 Pages Despite popular belief, discrimination occurs every day worldwide. It occurs for different reasons, but is detrimental to any company or individual. The judgments that occur based on physical appearance, height, weight, gender, and race are affecting the potential professional careers of many. Many companies are limiting their full potential due to the fact that they are discriminating interviewees and employees based upon physical traits. It lessens the chances of developing a strong staffRead MoreDiscrimination in the Workplace1276 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 112 51-A September 27, 2010 Discrimination in the Workplace In today’s society, people claim to be so open minded and tolerant in regards to other people’s beliefs, lifestyles, and appearance. However, in reality people with tattoos are often discriminated against for the way they look. Visible tattoos have a negative effect on finding employment, as well as commission based occupations, and also jobs in the childcare field. PhysicalRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesmake towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This article only

Science Literacy The Foundation Of Modern Humans

Science, it is the foundation of modern humans. It is what allowed man to build pyramids, create tools, split atoms, and discover the universe. Without it, humans would still be living in caves. One would think that in today’s advanced society, built by science, we should be primarily focused on promoting the sciences. In our country, science and science literacy are being attacked by many different angles. There are opponents that are constricting the very foundation of what this country was built on. Lack of science literacy can be caused by several factors including the influence of religion, school curriculum, and more importantly the policies created by the government. If we want to avoid economic, social, and natural disasters, then we must change our views and policies to increase the number of science literate citizens which will advance the sciences. First, we must define what it means to be science literate. The definition of science literacy according to literacynet .org is: â€Å"The knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity. It also includes specific types of abilities.† According to Neil DeGrasse Tyson, a promoter of science literacy, his view is, Part of what it is to be scientifically-literate, it s not simply, Do you know what DNA is? Or what the Big Bang is? That s an aspect of science literacy. The biggest part of it is doShow MoreRelatedscientific literacy Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesScientific literacy Introduction and audience When talk about science, perhaps majority of us think it is less relative with real life. However, as society developed, science encompassed us everywhere. This situation forces everyone to acquire the ability to learn and understand science. Some may think that, scientific literacy is what a scientist should have and nothing about normal people, however it is just too narrow. Look around the surroundings of us, everything is conned with science. AlsoRead MoreThe Importance Of Literacies On Entrepreneurial Endeavors1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Literacies in Entrepreneurial Endeavors The things that are routine or familiar in life seem to get overlooked, regardless of how amazing they are. Think about the human eye. Is it not amazing how light, matter, and the complexity of the human eye all work in harmony to give sight so that the world can be observed? Sight is something that we have grown numb to†¦ something whose science the world could marvel at but instead, the ability to see is just another part of waking up andRead MoreEverlasting Changes During the Enlightenment1512 Words   |  6 Pagesseventy years, the Enlightenment spread drastically throughout the world, motivated by improving intellect and the human society. Scholars congregated at coffeehouses to debate and further their learning in a far less formal many than institutions. Enlightenment thinkers were a unique group intolerant of church and state and sought out to establish an improved way of life. Reason based science and religion were major controversial components of the Enlightenment. T hese two topics were discussed and debatedRead MoreA Pre Printing Press Increase And Interest1603 Words   |  7 Pageswhich could be seen as precipitating religious reform independent of the invention of moveable type. In this view, the lay desire for textual access enabled the acceptance of Luther’s emphasis on the return to scripture, and furthermore prepared early modern Europe for the new technology: ‘The steady rising demand for texts in the late Middle Ages set the stage for the invention of printing’. Indeed, the process of introducing the vernacular Bible had begun before the invention, Cottret uses this evidenceRead MoreCultural Literacy According to E.D. Hirsch958 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Literacy According to E.D. Hirsch According to E.D. Hirsch, to be culturally literate is to possess the basic information to thrive in the modern world. It is the grasp on the background information that writers and speakers assume their audience already has. In his book, Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know, Hirsch sets forth 5,000 essential words and phrases of which each person should be knowledgeable. The list ranges from idioms to mythology, from science to fairyRead MoreHistorically Speaking, What are the Liberal Arts?1391 Words   |  6 Pagesof ancient Greece. It originates in response to certain questions born from human nature, and queried by the unique philosophy born in Grecian culture: What is â€Å"being?† What is â€Å"wisdom?† What is â€Å"virtue?† What is â€Å"good?† This pioneering search for truth accessible to reason about the whole world led necessarily to the search for truth about the place of humanity within this world. This unprecedented venture of the human mind, today associated above all with the likes of Epicurus, Socrates, EuclidRead MoreHow Linguistic Ethnographers Blommaert And. Borba Conceptualize Ethnographic Research?867 Words   |  4 Pagesof Habitus and Voice. The Translator # 11 (2) 219-236. At www.academia.edu Borba, R. (2015) How an individual becomes a subject. Discourse, interaction subjectification at a Brazilian gender identity clinic. Working Papers in Urban Language Literacies #163. At www.kcl.ac.uk/ldc Bourdieu, P. (1972) Esquisse d’une thà ©orie de la pratique prà ©cedà © de Trois à ©tudes d’à ©thnologie kabile. Paris: Seuil Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Massachussets: Harvard UniversityRead MoreLiterature and Its Relevance in Modern Times1515 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Heiges ENGL 203-525 Ms. Nair Feb 8, 2013 Literature and its Relevance in Modern Times Before the importance of literature is discussed we must ask ourselves: â€Å"What is literature?† Many individuals that are asked that question will often give a complex answer for it seems to be a complex word. Some of the answers may include â€Å"it involves reading† or â€Å"it’s when you write†. These are both true, but when you actually think about it, literature is so much more than that, especially with howRead MoreThe Benefits of a Liberal Arts Education797 Words   |  3 PagesThe strength of a liberal arts education is the strong, varied foundation it provides over a wide spectrum of subjects. A liberal arts education is aimed at teaching you how to think. It helps you to develop strength of mind, and an ordered intellect. This broad-based education allows students to create new theories, discoveries, and connections between fields. With such expansive roots, great innovators can build and expand from what others have learned, instead of wast ing effort on rediscoveryRead MoreContribution and Importance of Literacy Training Program in Our Society Nowadays2411 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Literacy Training Service† is a program designed to train students to become teacher literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their need. Literacy is crucial to the success of individuals in both their career aspirations and their quality of life. It is more than a basic reading ability, but rather an indication of â€Å"how adults use written information to function in society.† Strong literacy skills are closely linked to the probability

Previously Wound Up Or Liquidated Company -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disuses About The Previously Wound Up Or Liquidated Company? Answer: Introducation Theoretically, phoenix activity stems from the idea of a new organisation rising from the ashes of a previously wound up or liquidated company; the new company maintains the same nature of business and controllers(Anderson, O'Connell, Welsh, Withers, 2014). Phoenix activity can be legal or illegal; where an organisation fails but on resurrection maintains its worth, employee entitlements and other financial obligations to creditors then this is considered as legal Phoenix activity. However, engaging in calculated, and at times predictably repeated, liquidation in order to evade tax and other financial obligations is considered illegal phoenix activity(Fair Work Ombudsman, 2012). As such, whereas not all Phoenix companies are fraudulent, those formed with the intent to deceive employees and creditors are categorised as fraudulent and as such engage in illegal phoenix activity(Margret Peck, 2015). Societal benefits of Phoenix Activity Phoenix activity can be socially beneficial where a company is able to genuinely reinvent itself after failure. The benefit arises from the maintenance of employment, and services which in themselves contribute to the general economic growth of the society. Further, phoenix activity, also known as phoenixing, allows for efficiency in that the large transactions costs that would accompany an insolvency process are mitigated as a business core structure; customers, employees, suppliers and assets, are maintained(Roach, 2010). However, where the element of deceit to evade taxes and other financial obligations comes into play; Phoenix activity becomes a costly socio economic affair. Fair Work Australia in a recent report estimates that illegal phoenix activity costs the economy well over three billion dollars annually(ASIC, 2013). The objective of phoenix activity With regard to purpose, there is a dearth of literature exploring the underlying motivations of phoenix activity; it may be driven by the desire to protect a particular class of stakeholders, the desire to gain competitive advantage or the need to survive(Matthew, 2015). Legitimate Phoenix activity serves to allow for the continuity of responsibly managed organisations after experiencing genuine business failure. On the other, illegal phoenix activity merely serves as a means of generating personal wealth or creating an unfair competitive advantage for fraudulent directors and business controllers(Australian Government, 2009). Beneficiaries and losers of phoenix activity Phoenix activity affects various stakeholders within the industry. It affects the directors, shareholders, the business community or industry in question, employees, creditors, suppliers or contractors, the government and the economy at large(ATO, 2017). Directors who engage in phoenix activity benefit by way of gaining a competitive advantage over other organisations within the same industry, this is a creation of wealth. However, employees and creditors are likely to lose the most where Phoenix activity occurs; employees can lose employment, wages as well as other benefits such as superannuation which may have accrued prior to liquidation of the company. Creditors, on the other hand, are likely to be left with a company that lacks assets which can be used to recover what is owed to them. Additionally, governments lose a source of revenue with which to drive development in the community by way of service delivery; that is, construction and maintenance of hospitals, roads, education facilities among others. Further, as previously mentioned, phoenix activity is costly to the Australian economy. Reports estimate approximately three billion is lost through Phoenix activity annually; this is by way of tax evasion as well as lost wages which contribute to a loss of revenue(ASIC, 2013). Evidently, legitimate Phoenix activity is of great benefit as it allows an organisation the opportunity to reinvent itself and contribute to economic growth. However, where dishonesty and deceit come to play, only the fraudulent player's benefit and the larger society stands to lose significantly. Statutory prohibitions for phoenix activity Australian legislation, that is the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), fails to expressly define or prohibit for Phoenix activity(Harley, 2014). The Corporations Act 2001 lacks specific provisions that would make Phoenix activity illegal. However, the Act highlights directors duties under ss 180-183 breach of which would accounting to illegal phoenix activity. Statutory breach by phoenix activity As aforementioned, whereas the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) lacks specific provisions with regard to illegal phoenix activity, breach of various duties covered by the act by company directors would amount to fraudulent phoenix activity and as such elicit legal penalties. These obligations are provided for under ss 180-184 of the Act; additionally, the Act accords the Australian Securities Investments Commission (ASIC) power to liquidate abandoned companies as a precautionary measure to illegal phoenix activity. With this in mind, Phoenix activity may lead to a breach of the directors duty of care and diligence as provided for under s 180 of the Act 2001 (Cth). This is a civil obligation that requires company directors to exercise a reasonable degree of care and diligence while executing their company duties. In this regard, any decision made on matters relevant to company operations must be taken in good faith and for a proper purpose; that is, they should be in the best interest of the organisation and not a materialisation of personal interest. Additionally, according to s 184, where directors employ recklessness or intentional dishonesty in the execution of their duties they are in breach of their duty to exercise good faith and stand liable for a criminal offence. Using their position dishonestly with the objective of gaining personal interest amounts to a breach of duty; as previously stated, dishonesty and self-interest are distinctive features of illegal phoenix activity. Case study on phoenix activity Various cases in Australian law provide examples of phoenix activity; Australian Securities Investment Commission (ASIC) v Somerville Ors [2009] NSWSC is one such recent case that has set precedence in this legal area. The issue in question was whether t directors and a solicitor, Mr Somerville, were in breach of statutory obligations and liable for asset stripping or Phoenix activity after engaging in the restructuring of several businesses that were experiencing financial challenges. Mr Somerville had advised several company directors to restructure their failing companies by forming a new company and selling the old companys assets to the new one. The terms of restructuring included a transfer of assets, essential property, plant and equipment, termination and re-employment of staff and issue of new shares. However, outstanding liabilities were left under the old company; as such any creditors would lack assets to lay claim of what was owed to them. As such, the directors were able to preserve company assets without previous company liabilities. The Court, in its determination, found the directors in breach of their statutory obligations outlined under ss 181-183 of the Corporations Act 2001 (NSW). The Court was also convinced that Mr Somerville, as an advisor, had aided the directors in the breaches mentioned above. The directors, with the aid of their solicitor, had engaged in phoenix activity, business known as asset stripping which amounted to breach of duty. The impact of prohibiting Phoenix activity Three things reign true with regard to Phoenix activity; firstly there is no acclaimed definition, legislation does not provide an express offence and finally, restructuring businesses after failure is a recognised and accepted business activity in so far as statutory obligations are observed(Anderson, 2015). In as much as there is no specific prohibition or offence, there is an array of provisions in legislation that aim to combat improper conduct by company directors that would lead to phoenix activity. These can be found in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) as well as the Taxation Administration Act which provide penalty as well as disqualification provisions for directors(Anderson, Hedges, Ramsay, Welsh, 2017). A significant amount of scholars believe that regulators are well equipped with the current provisions to combat phoenix activity. However, the estimated cost of phoenix activity to the Australian economy, as aforementioned, intimates that this activity is still prevalent a nd much remains to be done. Proponents believe that an express Phoenix offence would transmit an educative message to directors and advisors in company matters thus increasing commitment to compliance with duties(Anderson, Hedges, Ramsay, Welsh, 2017). Compliance with the law is driven by three factors which could either be normative, calculated or social. Where one relies on their internalized values or moral reasoning to comply with the law, they are said to be normatively motivated to comply. Compliance, in this case, is influenced by social perceptions towards the behaviour in question. As such, express prohibition of a certain activity increases its perception as immoral and thus motivates compliance. In the same regard, social as well as calculated factors also support the proposal to adopt a Phoenix prohibition. Based on this ideology, scholars argue that a Phoenix prohibition or offence is likely to be more successful as a deterrent over current legislative provisions. Additionally, the lack of a specific offence plays a role in the existing loopholes and inconsistencies in available data on phoenix activity. Without a specific definition and a specific offence, researchers cannot conclusively quantify the incidence, enforcement or cost of fraudulent phoenix activity(Keating, 2015). The current data paints a dim picture of Australian Phoenix activity, thousands of companies are estimated to engage in illegal phoenix activity annually, however, conclusive figures cannot be drawn as there is no express criteria against which to test company activities. In this regard, it is evident that a specific Phoenix activity offence or prohibition could aid in conclusively defining and identifying the vice and as such make efforts in combating it more efficient and effective. However, various challenges lie in the creation of a Phoenix offence or prohibition. Firstly is the risk of penalising legitimate phoenix activity. This is because; creating a prohibition would require outlining a comprehensive definition for phoenix activity. The challenge here lies in the fact that scholars believe that no definition can fully encompass all the elements and characteristics of illegal or fraudulent phoenix activity(Anderson, Ramsay, Welsh, Hedges, 2017). This is evinced in the current array of definitions available for the term which, though comprehensive in their own right, are faced with various shortcomings. A broad description would likely risk encompassing legitimate activity while a specific definition would risk leaving out various aspects allowing for avoidance through the underlying loopholes in enforcement. Additionally, attempts to create Phoenix liability through legislation that focuses on the aspect of similar names has also proved limiting. The underlying objective in this regard would be to hold directors accountable for financial obligations owed by a company with similar name pre liquidation(Anderson, Ramsay, Welsh, Hedges, 2017). However, this approach also falls victim to various shortcomings in that, where a new name is adopted the approach would be inapplicable. Legislation in this area could easily encompass legitimate restructuring and could also easily be avoided by directors who intend to adopt Phoenix activity for fraudulent gain. The discourse above prevents a compelling case both for and against Phoenix activity prohibition by way of legislation. Stakeholders would experience positive and negative consequences alike should a specific provision be adopted. However, it is evident that the negative impact of creating an offence or prohibition outweigh the positive arguments outlined above. This is because setting out specific legislation puts directors who adopt Phoenix activity for the legitimate restructuring of their organisation at risk of facing penalties and subsequently creates loopholes for deliberate perpetrators to exploit. As such, guided by research, it is evident that creating a specific prohibition or offence for Phoenix activity would be more harmful than successful. Structure of a Phoenix offence or prohibition In the event that a Phoenix offence or prohibition is adopted, the provision must satisfy various criteria in order to be successful. These criteria collectively aid in the establishment of a structure for a Phoenix offence or prohibition whose enforcement is successful in deterring harmful behaviour. In developing this structure, the research has considered the aforementioned successes and limitations on current legislation affecting phoenix activity. This also includes an analysis of scholarly opinions as to the most effective methods for combating phoenix activity. Firstly, it is important that the structure of the offence constitutes a comprehensive definition of illegal or fraudulent phoenix activity(Anderson, 2015). The definition provided should be broad enough to encompass all harmful aspects of phoenix activity all while remaining specific to illegal phoenix activity and avoiding or excluding elements of legitimate phoenix activity. As recognised in the discourse above, defining Phoenix activity is crucial to any efforts in monitoring, estimating and combating it. As such, a proper definition will serve as a significant feature of the offence structure and a key contributing factor to the success of the legislation. The definition mentioned above outlines the prohibited conduct which is a key component of any offence. In addition to this, the prohibition or offence should also consider the element of mental intent; that is the intention. Currently, the concept of intention is outlined in the general duties of directors provided for under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). A successful Phoenix offence provision should include intention; studies show that phoenix activity is considered illegal or fraudulent where the intent to deceive is evident. The prohibition or offence should expressly include this element within its structure. The Phoenix offence structure should also comprise of criteria that allow stakeholders; that is administrators, employees, creditors, regulators among others, to detect Phoenix activity(Anderson, Ramsay, Welsh, Hedges, 2017). This criterion is derived from the definition set within the offence structure. A recognised set of criteria or elements attributable to Phoenix activity aid stakeholders in monitoring Phoenix activity within their organisation thus serving as a protective or precautionary measure. Additionally, it allows for improved data collection which in essence promotes estimation and analysis of costs and other aspects of phoenix activity. Further, the structure of the offence should comprise of stringent deterrent measures and sanctions for breach of duty that would constitute Phoenix activity. These measures should clearly outline the role and powers of liquidators and administrators during the liquidation process. Available civil penalties should be increased and criminal penalties introduced so as to further deter fraudulent directors from asset stripping. This structure should further include provisions that remove the benefit of phoenix activity to as to further curb the vice. Additionally, in order to be successful, the Phoenix offence structure must include a detailed enforcement strategy or policy. That is, having outlined the rules and available penalties, the prohibition should highlight how offences will be dealt with and the relevant bodies responsible for monitoring, estimating, determining and prosecuting Phoenix offences. A clear enforcement policy ensures efficiency in the combat against illegal phoenix activity. In conclusion, the prohibition or offence structure should illuminate the basic elements of any offence; the prohibited activity and the element of intent. Additionally, it should outline elements that would aid stakeholders in identifying phoenix activity; this should begin with a comprehensive definition. Further, the prohibition or offence should also include deterrent measures by way of penalties and finally enforcement policies to ensure its success. References Anderson, H. (2015). Phoenix Activity- A Context not a Crime. Australian Insolvency Journal, 35. Anderson, H., Hedges, J., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. (2017). Illegal Phoenix Activity: Is a 'Phoenix Prohibition' the Solution? Corporate Law Teachers Association Annual Conference (pp. 1-26). Melbourne University. Anderson, H., O'Connell, A., Welsh, M., Withers, H. (2014). Defining and Profiling Phoenix Activity. Melbourne: Melbourne Law School. Anderson, H., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M., Hedges, J. (2017). Phoenix Activity: Recommendations on Detection, Disruption and Enforcement. Melbourne: Melbourne Law School, Monash Business School. ASIC. (2013, November 4). Small business management-illegal phoenix activity. Retrieved from Australian Securities Investments Commission: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/your-business/small-business/compliance-for-small-business/small-business-illegal-phoenix-activity/ ATO. (2017, July 25). Illegal Phoenix activity. Retrieved from Australian Tax Office: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/The-fight-against-tax-crime/Our-focus/Illegal-phoenix-activity/ Australian Government. (2009). Action against fraudulent phoenix activity. Commonwealth of Australia. Fair Work Ombudsman. (2012). Phoenix activity: Sizing the problem and matching solutions. PWC. Harley, M. (2014, September 14). Australia: Latent defects in Phoenix legislation. Retrieved from Mondaq: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/338654/Corporate+Commercial+Law/Latent+defects+in+phoenix+legislation Keating, E. (2015, October 20). Lack of rules and data about Phoenix activity compounds the problem. Retrieved from Smart Company: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/business-advice/legal/lack-of-rules-and-data-about-phoenix-activity-compounds-the-problem-research/ Margret, J. E., Peck, G. (2015). Fraud in Financial Statements. London: Routledge. Matthew, A. (2015). The Conundrum of Phoenix Activity: Is Further Reform Necessary. business Law Teachers Association (CLTA) Conference. Melbourne: Melbourne Law School. Roach, M. (2010). Combating the Phoenix Phenomenon: An Analysis of International Approaches. eJournal of Tax Research, 90-127.